Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the presence of a blood clot (“thrombus’) in the deep veins of the body—the legs in particular. A thrombus may form for a variety of reasons, from underlying disorders that interfere with the body’s appropriate clotting response to a sedentary lifestyle. DVT can be life-threatening, which makes it important to be aware of the signs that a clot has settled in. Here is a look at the signs and symptoms of deep vein thrombosis.
DVT Signs and Symptoms
When a clot forms in a vessel, it blocks up the passageway so that blood can no longer circulate through the veins and arteries. In fact, it can’t move past the clot at all. This can cause swelling around the area where the thrombus has lodged. The legs are particularly susceptible, and while any swelling that occurs is generally in the suffering leg, it is possible for this inflammation to occur in both legs. Additionally, you may notice some pain, generally described as a sharp, cramp-like sensation, although it may simply be quite sore.
It is important to note that DVT is not always heralded by swelling or pain, making it doubly dangerous. If you’re concerned about developing DVT—particularly if you have multiple risk factors—see a doctor immediately to prevent life-threatening complications.
Once you are diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis, treatment is usually focused on preventing the blood clot from growing any larger, as well as preventing the clot from breaking loose and causing further, potentially life-threatening complications. It is also important to reduce your chances of developing this condition again in the future. To accomplish these goals, there are many different treatment options.
Primary DVT Treatment Options
Blood Thinners
Most of the time, anticoagulant medications (also known as blood thinners) are used to treat deep vein thrombosis. Though blood thinners cannot break up existing clots, these drugs work by decreasing your blood’s ability to clot, which can also prevent existing clots from growing any larger, as well as reduce your risk for developing additional clots.
There are many different anticoagulant medications including injections and oral medications. Some of the most commonly used include (), (), (), (), and ().
Blood thinners can have serious side effects if you take too much or too little, so be sure to follow your doctor’s specific instructions for taking the medication. You will probably need to take this medication for at least three months when dealing with deep vein thrombosis.
Clot Busters
If blood thinning medications are not working or if you are experiencing a more serious type of deep vein thrombosis, your doctor may recommend a different type of medication. Thrombolytics, also known as “clot busters,” are a type of medication that activates tissue plasminogen. They are administered through an IV line or through a catheter and break up blood clots that have become dangerous. Thrombolytic medications are only given in an intensive care ward of a hospital because they are only used in life-threatening situations and can cause serious bleeding.
Filters
If for whatever reason, you are unable to take medications to thin your blood, you might need a procedure that involves inserting a filter into your vena cava, a large vein in your abdomen. This will prevent any clots that might break loose from lodging in your lungs and cause pulmonary embolism.
Compression Stockings
Deep vein thrombosis can also cause swelling. Compression stockings are worn on your legs from your feet to your knees and can prevent his swelling from occurring by applying pressure to the area of the clot. This pressure will also reduce your risk of future clotting.
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